Regional Escalation of Iran-Israel Conflict Situation Report

1. Overview

Following the latest outbreak of conflict between Iran and Israel on 13 June, further escalations in the interstate hostilities have informed surging geopolitical tensions and increased security concerns in neighbouring countries as well as states across the wider Middle East region. 

In particular, the entry of the US into the conflict in support of Israel on 22 June in the form of targeted US airstrikes on Iranian nuclear sites in Fordow, Natanz, and Isfahan, coupled with Iran’s retaliatory (albeit failed) ballistic missile attacks on US bases in Qatar and allegedly Iraq on 23 June, further raised geopolitical tensions and regional conflict escalation concerns. 

Iran-Israel conflict-related developments together with growing concerns over a possible imminent regionalisation of conflict have also severely disrupted air travel in the region – prompting multiple foreign governments to evacuate citizens from Israel and Iran and caution citizens regarding regional security and travel risks associated with further possible short-term escalations in hostilities. 

Despite US president Donald Trump’s announcement of the reaching of a short-term Iran-Israel ceasefire agreement late on 23 June, further Israeli and Iranian retaliatory airstrikes and counterstrikes were reported on 24 June. While both Israel and Iran reportedly agreed to the ceasefire in principle on 24 June, details regarding its length and implementation remain unclear. 

2. Background to current conflict 

The current outbreak of conflict between Iran and Israel is informed by longstanding tensions between the two states over Iran’s nuclear program, which Israel considers an existential threat, as well as Iranian support for various armed proxy groups in the Middle East, including Hamas and Hezbollah. 

More recently, Iran-Israel tensions have been exacerbated by the major Hamas-led terrorism attack on Israel on 7 October 2023 and consequent conflict between Israel and Hamas in the Gaza Strip; a subsequent spate of Israeli-led assassinations in Iran, Lebanon, and Syria, and Iranian drone and missile attacks on Israeli bases in 2024, which culminated in successful Israeli attacks on Iranian air defence sites in April and October 2024; and growing Israeli concerns over Iran’s advancing nuclear capabilities. 

The current bout of overt conflict between Iran and Israel began on 13 June 2025 with Israel’s launch of Operation Rising Lion – a series of coordinated precision strikes on key military and nuclear targets in various areas of Iran – aimed at destroying the country’s nuclear program and capabilities. Though President Trump had previously directed his administration to hold nuclear talks with Iranian diplomats in Oman, when launching the 13 June strikes on Iran, Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu declared that rapidly advancing Iranian nuclear capabilities presented an immediate threat to Israel. Iran swiftly retaliated with a barrage of ballistic missile strikes on military as well as civilian sites in Israel, including in Tel Aviv.

3. Recent significant conflict-related incidents 

Since its launch on 13 June, Israel’s Operation Rising Lion has systematically targeted military and nuclear sites, facilities, and personnel in Iran – neutralising dozens of key military and nuclear officials including Chief of Staff of the Iranian Armed Forces Mohammad Bagheri and Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC) Commander Major General Hossein Salami – and weakening the country’s aerial defence systems. While Iran denies these claims, the country’s foreign ministry states that Israeli attacks within Iranian territory since 13 June have resulted in over 600 (largely civilian) fatalities, injured more than 5,300 people, and destroyed key public and transport infrastructure. As per the Israel Defense Forces (IDF) on 24 June, retaliatory Iranian missile and drone attacks on Israel since 13 June have resulted in 28 fatalities, injured over 1,472 people, and structural and property damage. 

The below list details some of the more recent and significant conflict-related incidents reported in Iran and Israel since the last SE24 Situation Report on 19 June and prior to the US administration’s ceasefire announcement late on 23 June and the subsequent ceasefire implementation on 24 June. 

• On 23 June, Israeli emergency services responded to an Iranian ballistic missile impact near Ashdod, South district, following a barrage of Iranian missiles earlier in the day. Power outages were also reported in several towns across South district. Three other impact sites were reported across the country, including south of Jerusalem. The US Embassy in Jerusalem subsequently issued a shelter-in-place order for personnel and their families. 
• On 23 June, Israeli airstrikes targeted several areas across Tehran, including Evin Prison, the Ministry of Energy and Shahid Beheshti University buildings, and an unspecified prison in Karaj, Alborz province, as well as the access road to Fordow Fuel Enrichment Plant (FFEP) in Qom province. Explosions from suspected airstrikes were reported in Kermanshah, Kermanshah province, Tabriz in East Azerbaijan province and Bushehr in Bushehr province.

• On 22 June, Israeli airstrikes targeted military areas in Tehran and Yazd, provinces of the same names, Shiraz, Far province, and Tabriz, East Azerbaijan province. Israeli airstrikes targeting military facilities in western Iran were also reported, in which the IDF claimed to have struck several missile launchers.
• On 22 June, at least 86 people were lightly injured and several buildings damaged in multiple areas of Tel Aviv, Haifa and Center districts, including Ramat Aviv, Haifa and Ness Ziona, following Iranian missile and rocket strikes. 
• On 21 June, at least 14 Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC) soldiers were reportedly injured after Israeli warplanes struck military sites across Ahvaz, Khuzestan province. At least five additional IRGC soldiers were killed in an earlier Israeli strike in Khorramabad, Lorestan province, and additional airstrikes reported across central Iran, including Qom, Tehran, Lanjan, Mobarakeh, Shahreza and the nuclear site in Isfahan.
• On 20 June, at least 23 people were injured, and damage was reported across the country, particularly in Israel’s Haifa, Beersheba, Tel Aviv and Jerusalem area, following a fresh barrage of at least 20 ballistic missiles fired from Iran, which triggered a nationwide siren. 
• On 19 June, explosions were reported in and around Tehran, as well as in Shiraz, Fars province, and Isfahan, Isfahan province, amid activation of air defence systems against Israeli airstrikes. 
• On 19 June, at least four Iranian drones were allegedly shot down by Israeli forces over Haifa, Haifa district and the Dead Sea.
• On 19 June, around 240 people were injured in Iranian airstrikes that targeted parts of central and southern Israel, including Tel Aviv, Holon and Be’er Sheva’s Soroka Hospital, during the morning hours local time. 

The below list details recent Iran-Israel conflict-related incidents and developments in regional states since the last SE24 Situation Report on 19 June and prior to the US administration’s ceasefire announcement late on 23 June and the subsequent ceasefire implementation on 24 June.

• On 23 June, Iran launched a missile attack on the US Al-Udeid Air Base (XJD/OTBH) located south west of Doha, Qatar. The facility had already been evacuated, and no major damage or casualties were reported. However, the incident triggered a temporary airspace closure and shelter-in-place order.
• On 23 June, the Bahrain government temporarily closed the country’s airspace and implemented a national shelter-in-place order following earlier Iranian missile overflights and the earlier Iran missile attack on the US Al-Udeid Air Base in Qatar. Related precautionary airspace closures were also reported in other Gulf states as well as Jordan and Iraq on 23 June.
• On 23 June, air defences were activated in Iraq after at least one suspected ballistic missile launched from Iran targeted Al-Asad Airbase (IQA/ORAA) housing US forces in Anbar governorate during evening hours. There were no immediate reports of casualties or damage.
• On 23 June, material damage was reported after a drone crashed in the Um Uthaina neighbourhood of Amman, Jordan, earlier in the day. There were no reports of casualties. Further details, including where the drone was launched from and whether it was shot down, were not immediately available.
• On 22 June, precision US air operations targeted Iran’s Fordow, Natanz, and Isfahan nuclear facilities in Qom and Isfahan provinces.

Further retaliatory Israeli and Iranian strikes were reported early on 24 June following the initial ceasefire announcement late on 23 June. However, as of the morning of 25 June, the ceasefire appears to have held and remains in place. Nonetheless, a rapid re-escalation in conflict is highly possible without warning. Such a development may involve the following developments.

• Ceasefire violations remain possible and direct conflict between the two states may resume in the near-term; the US could be drawn further into the conflict to support Israel if the situation continues to escalate. 
• Israeli airstrikes have targeted the Imam Ali missile base, Parchin military complex, Fordow fuel enrichment plant, Natanz and Arak nuclear complexes and other military facilities in Tehran, Bonab, Ramsar, Maragheh, Asaluyeh, Bushehr, Isfahan, Bandar Abbas, Urmia, Abadan, Khondab, Qom, Dezful, Malard, Zanjan, Qazvin, Andimeshk, Tabriz, Khorramabad, Nahavand, Hamedan, Qasr-e Shirin, Ahvaz, Piranshahr, Kashan, Asadabad, Kermanshah, Ilam, Karaj, Eslamshahr and other cities. Should the ceasefire be abandoned, renewed Israeli airstrikes are possible in the aforementioned areas and elsewhere in Iran. 
• Iran has targeted Israel with drone and missile strikes, including the Ports of Haifa and Eilat, Weizmann Institute of Science, Ben Gurion International Airport (TLV/LLBG), IDF Headquarters (HaKirya), Soroka Medical Center in Beersheba, Nevatim Air Base (VTM/LLNV), Dimona and Hadera nuclear complexes and Europe–Asia Pipeline in Ashkelon. Hundreds of buildings have been damaged by Iranian missile strikes in urban areas nationwide, including Tel Aviv, Beersheba, Rehovot, Haifa, Rishon LeZion, Bat Yam and Tamra. Should the ceasefire be abandoned, renewed Iranian drone and missile strikes are possible in the aforementioned areas and elsewhere in Israel. 
• Asymmetric actions such as threatening maritime traffic through the Strait of Hormuz and coordinated attacks via regional proxies based in Lebanon, Yemen, Iraq and Syria are also possible in event of ceasefire violations/abandonment.

4. Conflict Escalation and Geopolitical Ramifications

The latest bout of conflict between Iran and Israel since 13 June has significantly raised tensions within the neighbouring Gulf states and the wider Middle Eastern region and subsequent escalations in the conflict have increased geopolitical tensions and the risk of regional conflict spillover, particularly in the proximate Gulf states. 

Israel’s launch of Operation Rising Lion on 13 June exacerbated existing regional geopolitical schisms within the Middle East as well as simmering tensions between various nuclear weapons holding states globally, particularly between China, Russia, and the US but also between India and Pakistan. In the initial days of conflict, Israel and Iran’s robust missile and airstrike retaliations as well as the possibility of a US military entry into the Iran-Israel conflict in support of Israel sparked escalatory rhetoric from various actors on the global geopolitical stage, including the aforementioned nuclear weapons holding states. Although the US’s unexpected 22 June strike on key nuclear facilities in Iran has raised consternation from Iran’s traditional state supporters, the US’s avoidance of a direct military entry into the Iran-Iraq conflict and limited targeting of specific nuclear sites appears to have somewhat muted the response from global geopolitical players in subsequent days. 

Within the Middle East region, the Iran-Israel conflict triggered Iran’s supporters and proxies, including the Houthi rebels in Yemen, as well as Hezbollah (Lebanon), Hamas (Gaza Strip), and various non-state armed groups in Iraq, to issue threats against Israel and allied states and their interests/personnel/citizens, in the Middle East, including the US. However, bar the Houthis – who have exchanged missile fire with Israel in support of Iran and threatened renewed maritime aggression against Israel and Israeli-linked vessels in the Red Sea and neighbouring Bab el Mandeb and Gulf of Aden maritime areas – the overt militant support for Iran from regional proxy groups in Lebanon, the Gaza Strip, and Iraq has been muted. This is a reflection of the pressure and operational losses such groups have faced over the past 18 months due to Israel’s war against Hamas in the Gaza Strip and conflict with Hezbollah in Lebanon, coupled with waning Iranian influence in the region. 

Currently, Iran appears to have failed to rally significant and overt military/militant support from allied states and proxy groups in the Middle East region since 13 June, which has somewhat reduced concerns over the development of a wider regional conflict. Furthermore, Iran’s proportionally weak response to the 22 June US attack on its nuclear sites appears to indicate sustained military/arms equipment losses on Iran’s part and/or a desire to balance reputational strength with restraint in order avoid a further escalation. Given that Iran appears to be struggling to respond proportionally to US actions without triggering further escalation, it may continue to pursue limited retaliation or engage in a prolonged conflict to gain leverage in future negotiations. Both options carry significant risks, including regional destabilisation and threats to the resilience of allied groups such as Hezbollah. 

Nonetheless, despite the rather muted response to the Iran-Israel conflict by Iran’s regional allies, regional geopolitical risks and the threat of regional conflict spillover remain significant, particularly in the Gulf states, which are host to numerous US military and airbases as well as US citizens and military personnel – which may present as attractive targets to Iran. Looking forward, Iran and its regional allies will continue to pose significant security threats in the region over the short-term, particularly to US, Israeli, and Western interests. Current key regional threat concerns are detailed below; associated threat levels may increase in line with Iran-Israel conflict and ceasefire developments.

• Increased risk of Iran and proxies targeting Western nationals in wrongful/extra-judicial detentions in order to leverage detainees in future negotiations.
• Cross-border strikes and cyber-attacks by Iran’s military and affiliated proxies targeting critical infrastructure, including ports, international airports, desalinisation plants, oil facilities, military bases and flagship national enterprises in Gulf states as well as other regional states.
• Increased risk of militant attacks and kidnapping incidents targeting Western nationals, particularly US nationals, in the Gulf states as well as Iraq, Lebanon, Syria, and Yemen, and elsewhere, as well as attacks on foreign diplomatic sites and facilities.  
• Protests and unrest, including anti-Israel and anti-US protests, in various states across the region in light of political and security developments.
• Possible further targeting of US and US allies military bases and airbases in neighbouring Gulf states. Possible targets in this regard include Al-Udeid Air Base in Qatar; the Musannah (OOMN), Khasab (KHS/OOKB), Adam (AOM/OOAD) and Thumrait (TTH/OOTH) air bases in Oman; Camp Arifjan, Camp Buehring, Camp Patriot/Kuwait Naval Base (OKNB) and Ali Al Salem Air Field (OKAS) in Kuwait; Naval Support Activity Bahrain and Isa Air Base (OBBS) in Bahrain; Prince Sultan Air Base (AKH/OEPS) in Saudi Arabia; and the Port of Jebel Ali, Fujairah Naval Base and Al-Dhafra Air Base (DHF/OMAM) in the UAE.
• Risk of escalating conflict along the Yemen-Saudi Arabia border; Houthi militants allied with Iran in Yemen have previously successfully carried out long-range missile and drone attacks, and further such attacks cannot be excluded in case of an escalation in the Iran-Israel conflict.
• Increased risk that Yemen’s Houthi rebel threats will resume their campaign of maritime aggression in the Red Sea and surrounding waters despite a May 2025 ceasefire may manifest in a significant upsurge in security and maritime transport threats in the region. The Houthi’s previous Red Sea campaign launched in November 2023 in response to Israel’s war against Hamas in the Gaza Strip severely disrupted regional maritime traffic for over a year. 
• Increased risk of Iranian naval forces attempting to mine the Gulf of Oman and Strait of Hormuz to disrupt oil and gas exports following Iran’s parliament’s reported 22 June approval of a closure of the Strait of Hormuz in response to US attacks on its nuclear facilities. 

5. Short-term Outlook

While the US announced ceasefire between Iran and Israel appears to be holding as of 25 June, the Iran-Israel situation remains highly fluid and subject to a rapid deterioration without warning. Within this context, ceasefire violations on the part of Iran and Israel and/or a collapse of the ceasefire agreement remain highly possible over the near- to short-term. Such developments could lead to a rapid resumption in direct hostilities between Iran and Israel, further escalations in geopolitical tensions, and increased risks of a regionalisation of the interstate conflict. Regardless of the short-term trajectory of the Iran-Israel conflict, further significant disruptions to air travel should be expected across the Middle East over the short-term, stemming from temporary airspace closures, flight cancellations, and flight rerouting. 

6. Impact on Travel/In-Country Security

Travel Advisories

The escalation in conflict between Iran and Israel since 13 June and associated increased regional geopolitical and security threats have prompted most foreign governments to update their advisories for regional travel. The following travel advisory information is current as of 24 June. 

• Israel: Numerous foreign governments continue to advise against all travel to both Israel due to the ongoing military conflict. 

• Iran: Numerous foreign governments continue to advise against all travel to Iran due to the ongoing military conflict. Many foreign governments have also urged their citizens to depart Iran, as dual nationals face arrest/detention risks on spurious espionage charges and evacuations may be difficult in the event of a future prolonged period of fighting or significant conflict escalation. 
• Regional states: Numerous foreign governments have updated their travel advisories and issued warnings regarding potential increased security threats and travel disruptions in various other Middle Eastern states due to a regional escalation of the Iran-Israel conflict. Such countries include the Arabian Gulf states of Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and the United Arab Emirates, as well as Jordan and Turkey. Security and travel in other regional states which are already rated as high to extreme risk locations due to numerous security concerns and thus subject to countrywide/regions-specific travel advisories, such as Iraq, Lebanon, Syria, and Yemen, may also be adversely impacted by Iran-Israel conflict escalations. 
• Numerous government foreign offices have urged citizens in or planning travel to the region to observe their government’s current country travel advisories and remain cognisant of the potential for rapid and significant deteriorations in the Iran-Israel conflict situation to adversely impact security, safety, travel, and movement in various surrounding regional states, including in the form of increased terrorism and conflict-related threats, airspace closures, the imposition of shelter-in-place orders, flight cancellations and rerouting, and other travel disruptions. Furthermore, evacuation options may be limited due to the unpredictability of the situation. Thus, a high degree of caution should be implemented if undertaking travel in the Middle East at this time, including in traditionally moderate-risk locations such as the Gulf states.

Airspace Restrictions

Iran and Israel

• Both countries closed their airspaces following the outbreak of conflict on 13 June. Following the 23 June ceasefire announcement, on 24 June both Israel and Iran announced plans to fully reopen their airspaces shortly. 
• On 24 June, Israeli authorities briefly closed the country’s airspace due to ballistic missiles fired by Iran; Israel’s airspace was reopened shortly thereafter. On 23 June, Iran’s airspace remained closed until 25 June due to conflict developments.
• Should Israel and Iran re-open their airspaces amid ceasefire conditions over the near-term, further closures of both airspaces (with little prior warning) will remain highly likely over the short-term in response to potential conflict re-escalations/security developments.  

Regional states

• Various regional states have periodically temporarily closed their airspaces since the Iran-Israel conflict outbreak on 13 June, including Bahrain, Kuwait, Iraq, Jordan, Qatar, and Syria. 
• On 23 June, Bahrain, Kuwait, Qatar and the UAE temporarily closed their airspaces following the Iranian missile attack on the US Al-Udeid Air Base in Qatar. These restrictions were lifted after the attack. 
• Further closures of the airspaces of Israel and Iran’s neighbouring states as well as states in the wider region on short notice in response to security developments and missile exchanges will remain highly possible over the short-term.

Flight Disruptions

Israel

• Israel’s national carriers El Al/Sundor, Israir and Arkia have suspended all flights until further notice; commercial carriers have relocated their planes to Cyprus and other countries.
• Most international carriers, including Lufthansa, KLM, Emirates, Etihad and Qatar Airways, have cancelled, delayed or redirected flights to and from Tel Aviv Ben Gurion International Airport (TLV/LLBG) and Tehran Imam Khomeini International Airport (IKA/OIIE) until further notice.

Iran

• Domestic flights in Iran have been suspended until further notice. Significant damage to airport infrastructure has been reported at Tehran Mehrabad (THR/OIII), Imam Khomeini, Hamadan (NUJ/OIHS) and Tabriz Shahid Madani (TBZ/OITT) airports due to Israeli airstrikes.
• Most international carriers, including Lufthansa, KLM, Emirates, Etihad and Qatar Airways, have cancelled, delayed or redirected flights to and from Tehran Imam Khomeini International Airport (IKA/OIIE) until further notice.

Regional states

• The escalation of tensions and airspace closures in the region has resulted in significant flight disruptions and suspensions across the Gulf States since 13 June due to security concerns.
• Finnair, Qantas, Singapore Air and Air India, among other airlines, have cancelled, delayed or redirected flights to and from Abu Dhabi Zayed (AUH/OMAA) and Dubai (DXB/OMBD) airports in the UAE; Riyadh King Khalid (RUH/OERK), Jeddah King Abdulaziz (JED/OEJN), Dammam King Fahd (DMM/OEDF) and Medina Prince Mohammad bin Abdulaziz (MED/OEMA) airports in Saudi Arabia; Doha Hamad International Airport (DOH/OTHH) in Qatar; Bahrain International Airport (BAH/KBAH); and Kuwait International Airport (KWI/OKKK).
• The conflict is also affecting flights to and from Iraq, Jordan, Lebanon, and Turkey, with some airlines cancelling flights until at least the end of June. Due to ongoing tensions, Beirut Rafic Hariri International Airport (BEY/OLBA) in Lebanon; Baghdad (BGW/ORBI), Erbil (EBL/ORER), Najaf (NJF/ORNI) and Sulaimaniyah (ISU/ORSU) airports in Iraq; and Amman Queen Alia (AMM/OJAI) and Aqaba King Hussein (AQJ/OJAQ) airports in Jordan may close with short notice or further experience significant disruptions.

Travel Disruptions

Israel and Iran

• In the event of an extended campaign of airstrikes, intercity travel is likely to be shut down or heavily reduced due to the risk of collateral damage. Officials in Iran have advised people to defer non-essential intercity travel, with additional trains replacing cancelled buses and flights.
• In the event of an extended campaign of airstrikes, energy infrastructure is likely to be targeted by both sides, resulting in fuel shortages and blackouts. Israel and Iran have already targeted each other’s oil and natural gas facilities. Iran closing the Strait of Hormuz would greatly reduce energy exports in the region.
• Amid a state of emergency (SoE), Israel Railways limited service on three lines through Tel Aviv, including to Ben Gurion International Airport (TLV/LLBG) on 13 June. However, as of 19 June, railway services were gradually resuming across the country.

Regional states

• Flight delays and cancellations are possible with little notice as are disruptive airspace closures. Due to flight rerouting, passengers may face uncertainty with transit visa requirements.
• Domestic measures, including curfews and restrictions on non-essential movement, may be implemented. 
• Shelter-in-place orders remain possible, as was the case with the temporary orders issued by the US and UK embassies in Doha, Qatar, on 23 June.
• Maritime travel disruptions are possible.
• Evacuation options may be limited due to the unpredictability of the situation.

7. Travel/Security Advice 

Travellers

Israel and Iran

• Observe current government travel warning. Defer travel to Israel and Iran due to active conflict and potential for rapid escalations in conflict and deterioration of security situations with little prior warning. 

Regional states

• Observe current government travel advisories for medium to extreme risk regional states, including Iraq, Syria, Lebanon, and Yemen. Confirm current government travel advisories for travel to the Gulf states as well as Jordan and exercise heightened caution for until further notice due to heightened tensions and a possible rapid return to military conflict between Iran and Israel. 
• Contact your airline to confirm your flights. Confirm your travel insurance’s policy on flight cancellations and travel advisory level increases.
• Stay informed about the evolving situation regarding the Iran-Israel conflict and possible regional escalations; notify your embassy of your travel plans and review evacuation procedures.
• Prepare and make contingencies for rapid changes in travel restrictions or security measures; maintain contingency arrangements.
• Anticipate potential disruptions to internet and communication services; maintain offline access to essential information and contacts.

In-Country

Israel 

• Ensure your presence in-country is registered with your government’s foreign office and you are signed up for government alert/warning/assistance offerings. These can usually be found on the government’s official country travel advisory website page. 
• Review evacuation plans and confirm departure options. Seek advice regarding departure options and consider departing if it is safe to do so and in line with the recommendations of the Israeli civil defence authorities. 
• If considering departing via a land border, confirm that the border crossing you have chosen and any checkpoints along the route are actually open/passable and that you have applied for and obtained the necessary entry permit for your destination country in advance.
• Familiarise yourself with local protective measures, including the location of nearby protective shelters and shelter-in-place sites.
• Download and register on the Israeli Home Front Command App (only accessible in Israel) for official communication, alerts, and guidelines during security threat situations. Save Home Front Command contact number (104) on mobile phone and contact for assistance if in emergency situation. 
• Download the Red Alert app (only accessible in Israel) for security alerts in-country and ensure your mobile phone and any available external batteries are fully charged and you have data at all times. 
• In the case of mortar, rocket fire, or a hostile aircraft intrusion, a “red alert” siren may be activated. Treat all such alerts as real. Follow the instructions from local authorities and immediately (within 90 seconds) seek shelter. The shelter should be selected in proportion to the time available from the sound of the warning siren or the explosion.
• If in a building when the “red alert” is activated, go to an air-raid shelter, bomb shelter, or a room without exterior walls (depending on the time available) and close doors and windows. Remain in the shelter for at least 10 minutes after the sirens have stopped. If no shelters are available, stay inside the building and keep away from windows. 
• If outdoors when the “red alert” is activated, go to the nearest building, depending on the time available. If you are in an undeveloped area and there are no buildings nearby, lie flat on the ground and protect your head with your hands.
• If in a vehicle when the “red alert” is activated, stop on the shoulder or side of the road, get out of the vehicle, and go to the nearest building or shelter. If it is not possible to reach a building or shelter within the available time, get out of the vehicle, lie flat on the ground, and protect your head with your hands.
• Avoid all demonstrations and large gatherings.
• Monitor local media.
• Anticipate potential disruptions to internet and communications, secure offline access to key information and contacts.
• Avoid all military sites and infrastructure unless instructed to do so by security authorities. 

Iran

• Ensure your presence in-country is registered with your government’s foreign office and you are signed up for government alert/warning/assistance offerings. These can usually be found on the government’s official country travel advisory website page. 
• Review evacuation plans and confirm departure options. Seek advice regarding departure options and consider departing if it is safe to do so and in line with the recommendations of the Iranian security authorities and your government’s foreign office. 
• If considering departing via a land border, confirm that the border crossing you have chosen and any checkpoints along the route are actually open/passable and that you have applied for and obtained the necessary entry permit for your destination country in advance.
• Follow the Iran’s National Disaster Management Organization (NDMO) (accessible in Iran) for communication and guidelines during conflict situations.
• Familiarise yourself with local protective measures, including the location of nearby protective shelters and shelter-in-place sites.
• Seek immediate shelter in hardened facilities during airstrikes.
• Follow the guidance of local security authorities at all times. 
• Avoid all demonstrations due to significant unrest risk.
• Avoid all areas where there is a heavy police presence.
• Avoid all military sites and infrastructure unless instructed to do so by security authorities. 
• Exercise heightened caution near embassies, consulates and prominent foreign-owned businesses, particularly Western entities.
• Anticipate potential disruptions to internet and communications, secure offline access to key information and contacts.

Regional states

• Ensure your presence in-country is registered with your government’s foreign office and you are signed up for government alert/warning/assistance offerings. These can usually be found on the government’s official country travel advisory website page. 
• Prepare for sudden changes to travel restrictions or security measures; have contingency plans ready and review evacuation plans.
• In the event of airstrikes, seek shelter in a reinforced or hardened facility.
• In the event a shelter-in-place order is issued, comply with it immediately. 
• Exercise heightened caution near embassies, consulates and prominent foreign-owned businesses, particularly Western entities.
• Avoid all areas where there is a heavy police presence.

• Avoid all demonstrations due to the risk of unrest.
• Anticipate potential disruptions to internet and communications, secure offline access to key information and contacts.
• Limit knowledge of travel itinerary and maintain a low profile. 
• Ensure mobile phone is charged at all times and emergency contact numbers are saved; this includes contact numbers for your driver/escort/local host, accommodation and key local business contacts.

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